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(NO Model.) 2 Sheets-Shet 1.

G. S. KERMEEN.

DISK HARROW Patented 001:Q3,'1893.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. G. S KERM EEN.

DISK HARROW Patented Oct. 3, 1893.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

GEORGE S. KERMEEN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF TWO- THIRDS TO JAMES A. SMITH AND FLORENTINE V. PUFFER, OF SAME PLACE.

DISK HARROW.

SPEGIFIGA'IION forming part of Letters Patent 1\T0. 506,047, da. ted October3, 1893. Applica'ion fi1ed December 5, 1892. Serial No. 454,201. (NomodeL) T0 aZZ whom it ma y concern.-

Be i known that. I, GEORGE S. KERMEEN, of Boston, in the county of Sufiolk and State of Massaohusetts, have invented oertain new and useful Improvements in Disk Harrows, of whioh the following is a speoification.

My invention relates to that class of wheel or disk harrows in which gangs of soil-working disks are arranged to operate at an ang1e to the line of draft.

The prime object of the invention is to provide in a harrow of the kind mentioned, soilworking deviees so oonstrueted and arranged as that the soil may be thoroughly and evenly worked to the fu1i width of the harrow, and form a smooth seed-bed, free from ridges, hoi- 10ws, and uncut. 01 unworked streaks and patohes.

It is also the object of the invention t0 provide snob improvements in disks or wheels for harrows as wi1i render the same more efficient t-han heretofore, and at the Same time make comparatively easy and inexpensive their constrnotion and repair.

It is also the object of my invention to provide improvements in the means f0r adj 11sting the draft-pole with respect to the line or position of the gangs or disks or soil-working wheels, whereby the objeotionable end thrusl; 01 1aterai pressnre usually experienoed with wheei harrows of oornmon construotion is 01)- viated, and the draft of the harrow rendered much 1ighter.

T0 these ends the invention consists in the construotion and eonnbination of parts as hereinafter desoribed and olaimed.

Reference is to he had to the annexed drawings and to the letters marked thereon, forming a part of this specifioation, the same let;- ters designating the same parts or features, as the case maybe, wherever they ooour.

Of the drawings-Figure 1, is a front view of my improved harrow, the draft-poie being shown in seotion. Fig. 2, is a vertioai central seotional view, the gangs of disks being represented in elevation and adj usted in the same line. Fig.3, is a seotional view taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 5, of two disks, their hubs, and the ax1e. Fig. 4, is aperspeotive view of one of the bladesof a disk, detaehed. Fig. 5, is an end view of the end disk of a gang of disks. Fig. 6, is a top plan view of the im proved harrow. Fig. 7, is a sectiona1 detail View taken on the line 7, 7 of Fig. 5, and drawn to an enlarged saaie.

In the drawings a designates the frame whioh may oonsist of a oross-bearn, as shown, or any other suitable means, to which is at;- t'aohed a dra't-poieb by means of a king-bolt 0, so that the pole rnay turn on the said kingb01t, as a pivot.

d d designate.pianks or p1ates, oonneoted with the frame-beam 0, by means of bolts e e, so that eaoh plank or plate may turn on its respeotive bolt as a pivot.

f designates a segmental bar oonneoted at its end with the frame bearn a, and provided on its inner edge at the centrai portion with teeth g.

h is a lever fulorumed at h on the draft pole, and having a pinion i rigidly secured thereto, whioh pinion engages the teeth g of the segmental bar f.

j j designate link rods pivotally oonneoted at their forward ends with the ends of the 1ever h, and attaohed in 1ike manner at their rearward ends with the inner ends of the pianks or plates d, so that as the draft pole is swung on the king bolt 0, to the right or 1eft, the p1anks cl may be moved on their bolts 6 and maintained in a position other than at right angie to the draft pole, and at varying angles with respect to the framebeam a. A pin 01 bolt k passing throngh a hole in the draft pole, and one of a series of hoies l formed in or through the segmentai bar f may be provided for maintaining the parts in their desired position of adjustment.

m m designate the ax1es of the gangs of disks or wheels, whieh axles are supported in sieeve bearings n by means of suitable standards 0 eonneoted with the said bearings and the pianks 01 plates d. Eaoh disk or wheel is made up of a plurali'cy of biades p, the inne1 ends of whioh are bent at substantiaily a right angie to the main 01 body portion,so as to form shoulders q whioh are adapted 130 engage a groove or offset r formed at or near the center of one of a pair of clamping disks s s which constitute the hub of each wheel or disk. The said angnlar ends rnay or may not be constrncted so as to bear upon the axle. The edges of each blade qfrom their inner ends or shoulders outwardly to snbstantially the edges of clamping disks s are radial with respect to the center of said olamping disks, so that the edges of each disk at its base will 100 home against by the opposing edges of the adjacent disks, and so that the bases of the severa1 blades making up each soil-working disk Wi1l completely cover the innersurfaces of the hub clamping disks s 3, and the base of each blade wi11 serve as a brace to the others. The bearings n for the axles may be made separate from the clamping disks 3, or they may be made as herein shown, wherein they are represented as being integrally connected with opposing clamping disks of adjacenu wheels, the said clampng disks and sleeves being mantained on the axles by means of nuts t and washers u thereon, or by other suitable devices. The forward or entering or cutting edge of each b1ade extends substantia1ly in the plane of the body of the blade, while the lower 01 ruter portion of the rearward or trailing part and edge is re-entrant, or curved inward toward the earth-working face of the biade, so as to form a curved lip, avvhich will tend to turn over and agitate the soil as the rearward or trailing edge of the biade rises out of and leaves the ground, it being understood that the forward edge of the blade W11 enter the soi1 substantially edge on.

Heretofore, in the most eommoniy used form of harrows employing gangs of disks, the gangs have been equipped with disks which, from their arrangement, are termed rights and lefts, which throw the earth tothe iight and leftto or from the centeraccordingly as they are arranged. In case these right and 1eft gangs are arranged to throw outward or from the center, a spaoe or strip ofsoil is 1eft; uncutor unworked, and to work out such space or strip the harrow must be driven at half laps which amounts to going over the same ground twice half the width of the harrow, and whioh occasions considerable loss of time. There are however,in the prior art quite a number of attachments to right and left gang harrows, for the purpose of operating npon the unworked space or strip of soil between the inner end disk of each gang, such as dragging spike teeth, and curved spring teeth, sprocket wheels or disks and trailing disks, in the rear of the gangs, bnt which do not fully accomplish the desired end. When disk harrows with right and 1eft gangs of disks or wheels are arranged f01 throWing the earth toward the center the nner end disks cause a ridg or force the earth above the desired leve1 at the center of the harrow. By my inventiori in which the gangs of disks are arranged t0 throw the soil in one direction only, the beforementioned objections are overcome, and no ridges are formed or unworked streaks or strips are 1eft, so that the soil is oompletely worked or agitated and evened t0 form a perfect seed-bd by the disks in the -srangs alone, (0 the full width of the harrow, and going over the ground a second time is unnecessary. I am therefore enabled by my improved harrow to treat a given amount of ground surface, in Iess time, under the Same circumstances, than aan he aceomplished with rightand Ieft1 gangs of disks, as heretofore usual1y employed.

I am aware of Patent No. 304,010 t0 La Dow, and do not claim anything disclosed therein.

In disk harrows equipped with gangs throwing the earth right and 1eft, as described, there is a material degree of end-thrust, or side-pressure, Which occasions heavy draft, and in hard or baked land, prevents the disks from entering ai: an even depth the full Width of the harrow.

In the construction of my harrow the gangs are so pivoted to the frame beam a and con nected With the lever h, as that when the draft pole extends directly forward in a line at right angles to the frame hea.m, the gangs will be under the frame bea1n, and parallel therewith; bnt by reason of the gang planks d being pivoted off their longitudinal centers, when the draft pole is moved to the right or 1eft from a righbangle position with respect to the frame beam, the position of the gangs wil1 vary as to angularity with the line of the draft; pole and, consequently the line of draft. By this means the working faces of the disks are rendered adjustable with regard go the line of draft; and it is owing to the peculiar ad j ustment of the gangs of disks, as eXp1ained and. to the form of the disks themselves that the end thrust or side pressure is practically overcome or done away with, whereby the draft of the harrow is made mch lighter than in harrows en1p1oying righl; and. 1eft gangs. As soon as the draft pole is adjusted away from a position at a right angle to the frame beam, the planks d and the axlesm of the disks assume a position,which, relatively to the draft pole isacute on one side and 0b tuse on the other, while the two gangs still remain parallel with each other. Thus the teridency of the end thrust all in one direc tion t swing the harrow around, is obvited. And, by the adjustability at diierent angles, the harrow is aeoommcidated to diierent qualities of soil, since a hard soil wold have IOO more tendency 1:0 canse a 1atera1 movernent than a softer soil.

Referring t0 Fig. 6, it will readily be un derstood that in operation there will he a teridency of the disk gangs to move slightly to the right of a 1ne drawn at a righi; angle to the said gangs; therefore the draft pole is adjustedslightly to the right of such 1ine.

By frming my soil-working disks as herein 'sh0wn and described, any ons of the blades can be readily rernved in case of breakage or dullness, so that it can be taken out and repaired, er sharpened, without disturbing the other blades of the disk, and this aan be done without breaking 01 loosening rivets, 01 removing nuts and bolts or other like devices, as is the case with other forms of bladed disks, the blades in my disks being firmly held without bolts or rivets passing through theblades.

I find that riveted 01 bolted bladed disks are very liable to elog in soft dirt andamong weeds and vines, by reason of the earth and vegetable substance eatching on the said bolts and rivets, and this clogging prevents the blades from having their full efieet on the soil, and increases the draft materially. My

device 1nakes a srnooth earth werking surface and lessens greatly the liability of elegging and attendant frietion.

By the use of are-entrant lip the blades can be made with less curve er dish and the straighter edges of the blades enter deeper and easier while the re-entrant lips lift and loosen the soil as thoroughly as eoncaved disks, and the side pressure is lessened.

In moist land the work is performed by my improved disks with less elogging than with concavo-eonvex disks er bladed disks 'with eutting shoulders at angles.

I-Iaving thus explained the nature of the invention and deseribed a way of Constructing and using the same, though without attemptng to set forth all of the forms in whieh it may be made or all of the modes of its use, it is declared that what is claimed is 1. A disk harrow, comprising in its een structiona plurality of gangs of disks all arranged to throw the soil in the same direction, said gangs b eing pivoted to the frame 0 their longitudinal centers, an adjustable. draft Pole, a lever fulerurned onthe draftpole, and a link rod at eaeh end of said lever and extending therefrorn to the disk gangs, substantially as deserbed;

2. A disk harrow comprising in its construction, the cross beam a, the draft pole b pivoted thereto, two gai1gs of disks all arranged t0 throw the soil in the same direction and pivoted to the beam a each side of the draft pole, the segmental bar f having teeth 9, the lever h pivoted to the draft pole and having pinion i engaging the teeth 9, and link rodsjj eonnecting the said lever with the inner ends of the disk gangs, substantially as deseribed.

3. A wheel er disk for disk harrows, comprising in its construction a elamping hub, and a plurality of independently removable blades curved from the hub to their ends the forward or eutting edge of each blade extending in a plane with the body, and the lower or outer portion of the rearward 01 trailing part being re-entrant or curved inward toward the earthwork fase, as deseribed.

4. A wheel or disk for disk harrows, cemprising in its construetion a plurality of independently removable blades, a two-part hub between which the inner ends 01 bases of the blades are held, the edges of each blade from ts inner end outward te substantially the edge of the hub bearing against the opposing edges of the bases of the adjaeent blades, as deseribed.

- In testirnony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subseribing witnesses, this 16th day of November, A. D. 1892.

GEORGE S. KERMEEN.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR W. CROSSLEY, F. M. WHIPPLE. 

